G and M codes are essential programming languages used to control CNC machines. G-codes primarily define the machine’s movement, such as linear interpolation, circular paths, and other toolpath functions. M-codes, on the other hand, govern machine operations not directly related to movement, such as controlling the spindle, turning the machine on or off, and managing coolant systems. Together, G and M codes provide a complete set of instructions that guide CNC machines in producing parts with precision and efficiency.





